1) Describe nomadic society and its effects on trade. (pg. 408-409)
* Turkish people were nomadic herders
* organized into clans and related languages
* Central Asia did non receive enough rain to support agriculture except grazing animals thrived on the grasses and shrubs there
* Nomads drove their herds and flocks to lands with abundant grass  and followed migrant cycles
* Settlements were few and small
* Nomads engaged in small-scale cultivation, but not able to sustain whole societies
* Sought to trade with settled peoples
* much commerce was small scale; need for country products and manufactured goods was high
* soon participated in long-distance trade networks
* rambling society:
* 2 classes: nobles and commoners
* Nobles: fluid class, organized clans and tribes into alliances
* commoners: tended to own herds, followed sunrise(prenominal) leaders
* autonomous clans and tribes
* Nomadic religion:
* shamans (religious specialists with supernatural powers that communicated with gods and nature spirits)
* Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Manichaeism
2) Analyze Turkish military expansion including that of the Saljuks (pg.
411- 412)
* Abbasids:
* Turkish peoples entered Persia, Anatolia, India
* From mid(prenominal) 8th- mid 10th century, they lived on borders of Abbasid realm which offered abundant opportunities for trade
* Later, bragging(a) numbers of Saljuq Turks served in Abbasid armies and lived in the realm itself
* overshadowed Abbasid caliphs mid eleventh century
* Saljuq leader Tughril Beg was sultan (chieftan) and consolidated hold on Abbasid capital at Baghdad
* extended Turkish rule to Syria, Palestine, and others
* caliphs served as figureheads of authority
* Byzantine Empire:
* other Turks turned prudence to rich land of Anatolia
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