& bull;Marie Gouze- French butcher’s daughter, ameliorate by reading books → Olympe de Gouges- revolutionary, strong advocate of women’s right ons
result of Rights of Man- only male citizens, campaigned for women, called for more education, equal rights, appealed to Marie Antoinette
Published wring bridge of rights of Woman- vote, speak freely, participate in law
Little support, executed- affection for Marie Antroinette, crusade
learned soul and Revolutionary Ideas
•Kings/emperors- settled agricultural societies, small societies- democratic gov., weak central leadership- relied on aristocratic govs, hierarchical rule- most common
•Kings/emperors had divine rule, cooperated closely w/ religious authorities
favorite Sovereignty
•Philosophes questioned sovereignty in rulers- rarely challenged monarchical rule, sought-after(a) to make kings responsible to people they governed
Regarded gov. as result of contract between rulers and ruled
•John Locke- gov.
arose in remote sometime(prenominal) when people decided to work together, form civil society, buck rulers to protect common interests
Gave ruler political rights, each person had right to life, liberty, property
If ruler violates rights- subject to deposition
Rulers derived authority from consent of governed- if subjects withdrew consent, had right to replace rulers, gave sovereignty to the people
Individual Freedom
•Enlightenment thinkers- freedom/equality
•Voltaire- against persecution of religious minorities/censorship of royal officials
Called for religious credence/freedom to express their views openly
Often published works in Switzerland/Netherlands- smuggled them in
Political and Legal Equality
•Equality- condemned legal/ affable privileges of aristocrats- didn’t make any more contribution than peasant, artisan, crafts worker
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